![]() ![]() Its impressive properties are responsible for growing use in a variety of industries. Other elements may be added to improve wear resistance, ultimate tensile strength, and heat resistance. Mild steel pipes may be galvanised for better protection from the atmosphere. Unlike iron oxide, chromium metal on exposure to the atmosphere forms a dense layer of chromium oxide that does not fall off, and ultimately protects the metal underneath from further corrosion attacks.Ĭopper in limited quantities also works like chromium oxide. In its pure form, mild steel will rust easily due to oxidation. The elements that may be added include chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), phosphorus (P), sulphur (S), and manganese (Mn), among others.įor instance, chromium imparts the property of corrosion resistance and increases mild steel’s hardness. These elements will affect the physical/chemical properties favourably and make the final product suitable for the application. It also facilitates better weldability.Ī host of alloying elements can improve the chemical properties. It can be cut, machined and formed into intricate shapes without adding proportional stresses to the workpiece. The low carbon content makes this steel a highly machinable metal. ![]() The carbon content is up to 0.25% in mild steel but some schools of thought consider carbon steel as mild steel up to a carbon content of 0.45%. The forming methods include:Īs mentioned above, mild steel has lower carbon content than medium and high carbon steels. Secondary forming gives it the final shape and properties. Hot rolled steel products are usually categorised into flat products, custom products, long products, and seamless tubes.Īlthough we have the completed mild steel product by the end of the above process, it is usually formed one more time to improve its mechanical properties in line with application requirements. The primary forming process uses hot rolling quite often for this purpose. The product obtained still needs to be imparted a good surface quality free from casting defects. Afterwards, cutting the metal into desired shapes like slabs, blooms and billets takes place. Here, the steel is shaped and allowed to solidify. Once the steel has the specified carbon content and other elements that enhance its performance, the molten steel is poured into a mould. One may choose from the following processes: Ultimately, the type of steel desired will decide the secondary steelmaking process. Manipulating the furnace conditions (temperature, cooling rate, etc.) also aids this process. The second step in the process of making mild steel includes further reducing its carbon contents and adding alloying elements. ![]() This results in impressive quality steel. In developed countries, the Electric arc furnace is used to feed scrap steel through extremely high-powered electric arcs. This reduces the carbon content to a maximum of 1.5%. In the BOS process, oxygen is blown through the molten iron while scrap steel is added to the converter. These are both based on the original Bessemer process for steelmaking. Modern primary steelmaking uses Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOS) or Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) processes. Lime acts as a flux and forms a protective layer on top of this hot molten metal. In this leg of the steelmaking process, the iron ore is mixed with coal and lime and heated in a blast furnace having a 100 to 400-ton capacity. In modern manufacturing, three steps are involved in manufacturing mild steel out of pure iron. These processes have developed over time and are now much more cost-effective than before. Higher carbon steels just contain more carbon, resulting in different properties like high strength and hardness values compared to mild steel. The manufacturing processes for mild steel are similar to other carbon steels. This means that the metal becomes brittle and may fracture instead of bending when applying an excess load. As carbon content increases, steel develops hardness but loses ductility. How Is Low Carbon Steel Made?Ĭarbon content is uniformly increased by heat treating steel. Other elements are added to improve useful properties like corrosion resistance, wear resistance and tensile strength. But they all have carbon content within the above-mentioned limits. There are different grades of mild steel. Low carbon steels contain carbon in the range of 0.05 to 0.25 percent. The carbon content varies depending on the requirements for the steel. Carbon steels are metals that contain a small percentage of carbon (max 2.1%) which enhances the properties of pure iron. Mild steel is a type of low carbon steel. ![]()
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